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Glossolepis incisus Salmon Red Rainbowfish

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Description

Glossolepis incisus Salmon Red RainbowfishWeber, 1908 Salmon Red Rainbowfish Species Summary Female Glossolepis incisus have a yellowish olive body colour with a golden iridescence to the scales, and clear fins. The males on the other hand are brilliant, the entire body and fins are a bright salmon red colour. Some of the scales have a silvery sheen, which creates a most unusual effect over the red background colour. Young fish are all rather dull in colour, being an overall olive greenish

Weber, 1908
Salmon-Red Rainbowfish

 

Species Summary
Female Glossolepis incisus have a yellowish olive body colour with a golden iridescence to the scales, and clear fins. The males on the other hand are brilliant, the entire body and fins are a bright salmon-red colour. Some of the scales have a silvery sheen, which creates a most unusual effect over the red background colour. Young fish are all rather dull in colour, being an overall olive greenish colour with a trace of silvery sheen. However, once the fish reach a length of 4 to 5 cm the males begin to colour up. Once the colour change begins to occur it progresses quite rapidly. By the time the fish are 7 to 8 cm long the males should have their full intense red colouration. Males are typically deeper bodied than females and have a high rounded back which gives them the appearance of having a relatively small head and disproportionately large eyes. Males may reach a maximum size of 15 cm, but females are usually less than 12 cm.

Glossolepis differ from other melanotaeniids by a combination of characters which includes distinctly crenulate scale margins, a high gill raker count, spine at the beginning of the second dorsal fin taller than first spine of first dorsal fin, relatively elongate pectoral fins, a unique premaxillary dentition and characteristic profile of the head, nape, and dorsal and anal fins.


Lake Sentani - photo© Gary Lange


Distribution & Habitat
Glossolepis incisus are found only in Lake Sentani. Lake Sentani is located some 10 kilometres west of Jayapura at the NE extremity of West Papua. It is an irregularly shaped lake with approximate dimensions of 28 km (E-W) by 19 km (N-S) and a surface area of 104 km². Its blue-green waters are dotted with at least 16 small islands, and it is surrounded by hillsides in the south and the Cyclops Mountains in the north, which separate the lake from the Pacific Ocean. Lake Sentani is by far the largest of the West Papuan lakes and has a catchment area of about 600 km². About 35 small rivers flow into the lake, and there is one natural outlet in the south-eastern tip, via the Jafuri and Tami rivers to the Pacific Ocean near the Papua New Guinea border. The lake is divided into three main sections with recorded depths of 7 to 52 metres. According to surveys in 1970-71, 1984 and 1987 the lake is thermally unstratified, with surface temperatures of 29-32°C and pH 6.2-6.8. Rainbowfishes are generally found around the margins of the lake. Large numbers are found congregating around submerged aquatic vegetation, fallen tree branches etc.

The overall abundance of Glossolepis incisus was considered high in Lake Sentani during surveys in November-December 2009, July-November 2010 and October 2011, with more than 30 individuals per site per visit, collected during a three-year survey (Ohee 2013). The highest abundance was found at water depths of 0-60 cm and in the early morning, 06.00-09.00 am, and afternoon, around 16.00-18.00 pm. Some fish were also detected at around a depth of two meters, as well as some at depths exceeding two meters. Local spearfishermen reported seeing Glossolepis incisus in even deeper water, while seine fishermen were observed catching them. However, the low number of individuals found in both cases suggests that although they can be found in such deep water, the occurrence is rare. Fish were collected along the shoreline of the lake and mouths of two creeks, namely Waena Creek and Jembatan II Creek. Fish with smaller body lengths (<90 mm SL) tended to occupy the very shallow area near the shoreline, while fish with larger bodies (>90 mm SL) were rare along the shoreline. The mean body lengths (SL) of the collected specimens were 65.52-70.72 mm.


Glossolepis incisus (males) - photo© Hristo Hristov


Male Glossolepis incisus were more abundant than females in the shallow waters along the shoreline, the latter being found more commonly in deeper waters. Moreover, they usually avoided high light intensities by moving to shaded areas or deeper water. Therefore, fish were rarely found in shallow waters during periods of high light intensity, such as from late-morning to mid-afternoon, having moved to deeper waters. In cases where they remained near the surface, they had moved to shadowed areas, such as under stilt houses or amongst submerged plants. The substrate of the lake consists of mud and sand, and water plants grow in shallow areas to cover 25% of the lake's area.

Glossolepis incisus are known to prefer habitats with submerged plants, roots, and wood debris, which are all commonly found along the shorelines. In Lake Sentani, various types of terrestrial vegetation were also found along the shoreline. The vegetation grows naturally, or is planted by people who reside in the area. Generally, the fish were abundant amongst the roots of some plants, such as the Sago Palm (Metroxylon sagu), or large trees, such as Ficus spp., as well as grasses. Large trees also provided shade for the fish. Hydrilla verticillata was the most ubiquitous water plant, being found in most locations. Hydrilla verticillata, Ceratophyllum demersum, Myriophyllum, Potamogeton and Vallisneria are some aquatic plants found in the deeper parts of the lake, while water lilies (Nymphaea, Nymphoides), Ipomoea aquatica, Bulrushes, and floating aquatic plants Eichhornia crassipes, Salvinia molesta and Lemna are found in the shallow parts. Eichhornia crassipes is the most common plant and is found throughout the entirety of Lake Sentani, often disturbing water-based transportation. Pandanus and Sago (Metroxylon sagu) grow on the shore.

The overall habitat preference of Glossolepis incisus was clear, shallow water, sand, gravel, and cobble substrate, and shoaling amidst Hydrilla verticillata, Valisneria, Eichhornia crassipes, Metroxylon sagu, and grasses. The availability of food also attracted fish to certain areas, such as under the traditional stilt houses, roots of some plants, litter, and wood debris. The pollen of terrestrial plants, as well as terrestrial insects, also served as a food source for the fish, along with the larvae of aquatic insects and algae. Roots of plants were also important for refuge. These factors influenced their distribution and habitat selection, and consequently, its abundance (Ohee 2013).

Unfortunately, because of its proximity to the provincial capital Jayapura and the large population around it, Sentani is no longer the pristine lake it once was. Despite the fact that Lake Sentani has been identified as an important ecosystem for species conservation (Conservation International 1999; Polhemus et al. 2004), the area remains under no protection. Meanwhile, human activities surrounding the lake have led to noticeable deforestation around it, water pollution, and the introduction of exotic species. Although Glossolepis incisus has been largely unaffected by the present concentrations of pollutants in Lake Sentani, the continuing human population growth around the lake will result in concentrations that will be hazardous to Glossolepis incisus and its co-inhabitants.

Reference

https://rainbowfish.angfaqld.org.au/Incisus.htm

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Fleur de Wreath
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Excellent Formula, but the Product Runs Out Far Too Quickly
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The balm is genuinely hydrating, smooth, and very convenient to use. It applies beautifully, gives the skin a healthy glow, and works well on dry areas, lips, and the face overall. The texture feels comfortable and nourishing without feeling overly heavy or greasy. My only major disappointment is the value for the price. Even using a very thin layer across the face once each evening, one stick lasted only about a week. I purchased two of them, and both were exactly the same, so this was clearly not an issue with a defective or partially filled tube. If you intend to use it regularly over the full face, expect it to run out extremely quickly. I purchased mine during a significant sale, and even at the discounted price I still felt disappointed by how little use I got from it. Overall, the formula performs well, but the quantity does not justify the regular price for consistent daily use.
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Reviewed in the United States on May 24, 2026
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Lexington, US
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Youthful, even skin!
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I’m loving this stick! I almost sent it back after the first two days but I’m so glad I didn’t. This has really helped me look more refreshed. It’s def helped with shallow lines. Overall it’s made me skin more even. It’s very oily and it sits on your skin so I use it before bed. But I’ve noticed it’s helped balance my skin. I usually get really oily during the day but oddly as oily as this is it keeps my skin from getting oily during the day under my makeup. My makeup looks more even. It’s just overall been great for my skin and it’s made me look younger. Def recommend!
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Reviewed in the United States on May 21, 2026
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Elizabeth
Whiting, US
★★★★★ 3
Hydrating moisturizer with pleasant scent
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Update: I’ve now used 2 sticks. I won’t be buying again. Although I like how convenient this moisturizer is, the price is too high for the amount you get. Also, going through another stick, I’ve noticed no signs that it helps with fine lines or wrinkles. This product is simply an on the go moisturizer or even a highlighter. But I can use castor oil and Vaseline for that. I had to deduct a star. So far, this moisturizing stick has been a great and convenient addition to my routine. It glides on smoothly and has a light, pleasant scent. The formula is definitely hydrating and leaves my skin feeling soft. It does go on a bit oily or greasy at first. If that bothers you, rubbing it in helps, though it doesn't absorb immediately—so expect a bit of shine for a while after application. As a moisturizer, it works well and I would definitely recommend it for anyone looking for a quick, on-the-go option. I haven’t noticed any additional benefits yet (like long-term improvements in skin texture or tone), but it might be too early to say. I’ll update my review if anything changes with continued use. I do have a couple of concerns. First, the price—it feels expensive for the amount of product you get. Second, I’ve seen some people compare this to Botox, and I’m not sure why. It’s definitely not a substitute, and expecting those kinds of results just isn’t realistic. Along those lines, the product name—“Wrinkle Bounce”—may be a little misleading. While it’s hydrating and may temporarily plump the skin, it doesn’t deliver dramatic wrinkle-reducing effects.
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Kindle Customer Jools
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Great Product!
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After reading many reviews I decided to try this product, my skin is dry with oily areas plus as I get older I have patchy small discolored areas. I love this product! After a few days of putting this on first thing am after washing my face, I found it balanced my skin beautifully! After washing my face to get ready for work, I discovered my makeup goes on so much more smoother, and stays in place without having to touch up constantly. It doesn’t remove wrinkles but definitely makes my skin smoother and wrinkles gentle versus distinctive. Great product!
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fleshkill
Omaha, US
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Wrinkles: Meh, KP: Yeah!
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An okay moisturizer. Very shiny. Scent is old fashioned - kind of a floral baby powder scent. Takes a while to soak in which is by design since it only fills in the wrinkles instead of plumping them. The illusion is in the shine. You can see from my photos that in certain light the wrinkles appear slightly diminished due to the shine but you can clearly see they are still there in the shadows. While this example is on my hand, I had the same results under my eyes and on my forehead. I let the product soak in for 5 minutes in these photos. On the upside it worked temporary wonders on my KP!
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Reviewed in the United States on May 19, 2026

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